Protocol gateways enable communication between different industrial protocols, ensuring seamless data exchange between legacy and modern systems. They translate data between field devices, PLCs, SCADA, and cloud platforms, improving interoperability and automation efficiency. Commonly supporting Modbus, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, and OPC UA, they are essential for industrial automation, energy management, and IoT integration. By bridging protocol gaps, protocol gateways enhance system flexibility, scalability, and operational continuity in industrial networks.